Turkish grammar: ortaçlar

What this grammar point covers

In Turkish, 'ortaçlar' are participles. They are special forms of verbs that can act like adjectives or nouns. Ortaçlar describe people or things by showing what action they do or receive.

When to use it

Use ortaçlar in Turkish to describe nouns with an action, like 'the running child' or 'the finished job'. They make sentences shorter and more descriptive. You can also use them to create noun clauses.

Key forms

• -an / -en (for active participles): koşan çocuk
• -mış / -miş / -muş / -müş (for past participles): yapılmış iş
• -acak / -ecek (for future participles): gelecek gün

Examples

Tips

• Pay attention to vowel harmony when adding ortaç suffixes.
• The participle agrees with the noun it describes in number and case.
• Do not confuse ortaçlar with verb conjugations.

Exceptions and edge cases

• Some verbs have irregular stems when forming participles, so check common verbs separately.