Turkish grammar: Sıfat-fiil yapıları

What this grammar point covers

In Turkish, 'sıfat-fiil yapıları' are participle forms made from verbs that act like adjectives. They describe nouns, giving more information about them.

When to use it

Use these forms to describe a noun by showing what it does, what has been done to it, or what will happen to it. They help you make more complex sentences and give detailed information about people or things.

Key forms

• -an/-en (for present participle): giden, okuyan
• -mış/-miş/-muş/-müş (for past participle): yapılmış, bitmiş
• -acak/-ecek (for future participle): gelecek, bakacak

Examples

Tips

• Always attach the correct suffix to the verb stem, not the noun.
• Check vowel harmony when adding the suffixes.
• Remember that these forms act like adjectives, so they come before the noun.

Exceptions and edge cases

• Some verbs may have irregular stems when forming participles.
• Not all verbs can naturally take every participle suffix.