Dutch grammar: gebruik van hulpwerkwoorden

What this grammar point covers

In Dutch, auxiliary verbs (hulpwerkwoorden) are verbs that help to form different tenses, moods, or voices. They are used with a main verb to create meanings like the future, the passive, necessity, or possibility.

When to use it

Use Dutch auxiliary verbs to form perfect tenses (like 'I have eaten'), to talk about the future, to express ability, permission, necessity, or wishes. They always come before the main verb, which is usually at the end of the sentence.

Key forms

• hebben
• zijn
• zullen
• kunnen
• moeten
• mogen
• willen

Examples

Tips

• The main verb is often at the end of the sentence when using an auxiliary verb.
• Some auxiliaries (like 'hebben' and 'zijn') are used to form perfect tenses. Know which verbs use 'hebben' or 'zijn'!
• Do not use two modal auxiliaries together in one clause.

Exceptions and edge cases

• Some verbs use 'zijn' instead of 'hebben' in the perfect tense, usually verbs of movement or change.
• Word order can change in subordinate clauses: auxiliaries come at the end.