English grammar: Second conditional

What this grammar point covers

The second conditional is a way to talk about imaginary or unlikely situations in the present or future. It describes what you would do if something happened, but it probably will not happen.

When to use it

We use the second conditional to talk about things that are not real now, or things that probably will not happen. It is used for dreams, imaginary situations, or unreal possibilities.

Key forms

• If + past simple, ... would + base verb
• If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.

Examples

Tips

• After 'if', always use the past simple tense.
• Use 'would' + base verb in the main clause.
• Do not use 'will' after 'if' in the second conditional.

Exceptions and edge cases

• With the verb 'be', use 'were' for all subjects after 'if' (e.g., 'If I were you'), but in informal English, 'was' is also sometimes used.