English grammar: Reported speech (statements and questions)

What this grammar point covers

Reported speech is when you tell someone what another person said, but not using their exact words.

When to use it

Use reported speech when you want to repeat what someone else said, but not using their exact words.

Key forms

• Use a reporting verb (like say, tell, ask) + that (optional) + change the verb tense.
• Example: She said (that) she was tired.
• For questions: use if/whether or a question word, change the word order and tense.
• Example: He asked if I was coming.

Examples

Tips

• Remember to change the verb tense back (present → past, will → would, etc.).
• Do not use question word order in reported questions; use statement order.
• You can often leave out 'that' after reporting verbs.

Exceptions and edge cases

• If the reporting verb is in the present, you do not need to change the tense.
• Some modal verbs (like could, should, might) do not change.